International students on F-1 visas in the United States often seek ways to gain work experience after completing their degree programs. The primary post-study work option available to them is Optional Practical Training (OPT). OPT in USA lets students apply academic knowledge in real-world settings and allows eligible STEM graduates to extend their work authorization. These opportunities make post study work options highly attractive for those who choose to study in USA.
OPT in USA: What is OPT?
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a temporary employment authorization that lets F-1 students work in the U.S. in a field directly related to their major. OPT in USA helps students transition from academic learning to practical employment. Although students can use some OPT before graduation (called Pre-Completion OPT), most choose to use it after finishing their degree.
Types of OPT
- Pre-Completion OPT: Used while school is in session (part-time, up to 20 hours/week) or full-time during academic breaks. Time used here is deducted from the available post-completion period.
- Post-Completion OPT: Full-time work authorization after graduation. This is the most common choice among F-1 students seeking post study work options in the U.S.
OPT in USA: Essential Details and Eligibility for Post-Study Work
| Aspect | Details |
| Eligibility | F-1 students who have completed one full academic year |
| Duration | Up to 12 months of work authorization |
| STEM OPT Extension | Additional 24 months for eligible STEM graduates |
| Work Authorization | Requires USCIS approval and EAD card |
| Types of OPT | Pre-Completion (part-time/full-time) and Post-Completion (full-time) |
| Application Window | Apply up to 90 days before and within 60 days after graduation |
| Job Requirement | Employment must relate directly to the student’s major |
| Impact on CPT | Using pre-completion OPT reduces available post-completion OPT time |
| Key Benefit | Gain U.S. work experience legally after graduation |
OPT in USA: STEM OPT Extension
Graduates with degrees in designated STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) fields can apply for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, extending their work opportunity to up to 36 months after graduation.
To qualify, students must:
- Hold a degree in an eligible STEM field
- Work for an employer enrolled in E-Verify
- Submit Form I-983 (Training Plan) with their application
Planning early ensures a smoother application process and increases the chances of success.
Curricular Practical Training (CPT)
While OPT in USA focuses on post-study work options, international students who study in USA also have access to Curricular Practical Training (CPT). CPT allows F-1 students to gain practical work experience during their academic program, often through internships, cooperative education, or practicum. Unlike OPT, CPT must be directly related to the student’s major and approved by their school’s Designated School Official (DSO). CPT provides valuable hands-on experience but cannot be used after graduation.
Difference Between OPT and CPT
Understanding the difference between OPT and CPT is crucial for F-1 students exploring post study work options. OPT authorizes work after completing a degree (though some pre-completion OPT is allowed), while CPT authorizes work only during the academic program. OPT requires filing with USCIS and receiving an Employment Authorization Document (EAD), whereas CPT is authorized directly by the school. Moreover, full-time CPT exceeding 12 months may reduce eligibility for OPT, but part-time CPT does not affect OPT benefits. Choosing the right option depends on your career goals and timing of work experience.
How to Apply for OPT
- Request a recommendation from your Designated School Official (DSO), who updates your Form I-20.
- File Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) with USCIS, including all required documents and fees.
- Wait for your EAD card (Employment Authorization Document) before starting work.
You can apply for post-completion OPT up to 90 days before and up to 60 days after completing your degree. Since the process can take 2–3 months, applying early is essential.
Transitioning to Long-Term Employment
OPT in USA offers more than just short-term employment. It acts as a stepping stone to longer-term work opportunities, such as the H-1B visa. Employers who value your contributions during OPT are more likely to sponsor you for an extended role. However, the H-1B process is competitive and includes an annual lottery.
By leveraging OPT effectively, international students who study in USA can gain a competitive edge in the job market.
Importance of Planning and Support
To make the most of post study work options, you should:
- Start planning early and follow all deadlines
- Attend workshops or one-on-one advising sessions offered by your university
- Consult your international student office regularly
These steps help you stay compliant and take full advantage of opportunities available to F-1 students.
Final Thoughts
For international students who study in USA, OPT and the STEM OPT extension provide excellent post study work options. These programs not only offer professional development but also build a pathway to long-term employment in the United States.
Understanding the process, planning ahead, and staying informed ensure that you maximize the benefits of OPT in USA and set the stage for future success.
FAQs: OPT in USA
Q1: What is OPT in USA for F-1 students?
A: OPT allows F-1 students to work in their field for up to 12 months after graduation. STEM graduates can extend this by 24 months.
Q2: How does OPT differ from CPT?
A: OPT is work authorization after graduation requiring USCIS approval, while CPT is school-authorized work during the academic program.
Q3: Can all F-1 students apply for the STEM OPT extension?
A: No. Only students with STEM degrees who work for employers enrolled in E-Verify qualify for the 24-month extension.
Q4: When should I apply for OPT?
A: You can apply starting 90 days before and up to 60 days after graduation. Early application is important due to processing times.
Q5: How does OPT help with long-term work options in the U.S.?
A: OPT gives U.S. work experience that can improve your chances for employer sponsorship for H-1B or other long-term visas.
